Investigation and influencing factors on pelvic floor muscle strength of 929 adult females in gynecological outpatient department / 中华妇产科杂志

Objective: To investigate the present situation of pelvic floor muscle strength, and to analyze the factors affecting pelvic floor muscle strength. Methods: The data of patients who were admitted into the general outpatient department of gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital from October 2021 to April 2022 were collected, and the patients who met the exclusion criteria were included in this cross sectional study. The patient's age, height, weight, education level, defecation way and defecation time, birth history, maximum newborn birth weight, occupational physical activity, sedentary time, menopause, family history and disease history were recorded by questionnaire. Morphological indexes such as waist circumference, abdomen circumference and hip circumference were measured with tape measure. Handgrip strength level was measured with grip strength instrument. After performing routine gynecological examinations, the pelvic floor muscle strength was evaluated by palpation with modified Oxford grading scale (MOS). MOS grade>3 was taken as normal group and ≤3 as decreased group. Binary logistic regression was used to investigate the related factors of deceased pelvic floor muscle strength. Results: A total of 929 patients were included in the study, and the average MOS grade was 2.8±1.2. By univariate analysis, birth history, menopausal time, defecation time, handgrip strength level, waist circumference and abdominal circumference were related to the decrease of pelvic floor muscle strength (all P<0.05). By binary logistic regression analysis, the level of handgrip strength (OR=0.913, 95%CI: 0.883-0.945; P<0.001) was correlated with normal pelvic floor muscle strength; waist circumference (OR=1.025, 95%CI: 1.005-1.046; P=0.016), birth history (OR=2.224, 95%CI: 1.570-3.149; P<0.001), sedentary time> 8 hours (OR=2.073, 95%CI: 1.198-3.587; P=0.009) were associated with the decrease of pelvic floor muscle strength. Conclusions: The level of handgrip strength is related to the normal pelvic floor muscle strength of females, while the waist circumference, birth history and sedentary time>8 hours are related to the decrease of pelvic floor muscle strength of females. In order to prevent the decrease of pelvic floor muscle strength, it is necessary to carry out relevant health education, enhance exercise, improve the overall strength level, reduce daily sedentary time, maintain symmetry, and carry out comprehensive overall intervention to improve pelvic floor muscle function.

Historical Evolution and Clinical Application of Classical Prescription Xiao Xumingtang / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Xiao Xumingtang in The Catalogue of Famous Ancient Classics （The First Batch） issued by the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine is derived from the Important Prescriptions Worth a Thousand Gold for Emergency （Bei Ji Qian Jin Yao Fang） written by SUN Si-miao in the Tang dynasty. The present study systematically explored the origin， development， historical evolution， and clinical application of Xiao Xumingtang. As revealed by the results， Xiao Xumingtang as well as its analogues are primary prescriptions indicated for apoplexy before the Tang and Song dynasties and serve as the benchmark for the treatment of apoplexy. After the Song dynasty， due to the changes in the understanding of the pathogenesis of apoplexy and the limitations of the understanding of Xiao Xumingtang， its clinical application to apoplexy gradually decreased. In modern times， it has been re-recognized and applied， during which its clinical applications have undergone great changes. Its clinical applications are extensive， involving a variety of diseases related to the brain and nervous systems， such as stroke and its sequelae， peripheral facial paralysis， rheumatoid arthritis， hypertension， and other diseases related to the motor nervous system. Its primary indications are stroke and its sequelae， followed by peripheral facial paralysis. Other new indications are gradually found. This study is expected to provide references for the clinical application of Xiao Xumingtang and the transformation of new drugs.

Analysis on Material Basis and Mechanism Difference of Antibacterial Effect of Coptis chinensis and Its Flower Stalk Based on Secondary Metabolites and Network Pharmacology / 中国实验方剂学杂志

Objective:To explore the difference in antibacterial mechanism between <italic>Coptis chinensis</italic> and<italic> </italic>its<italic> </italic>flower stalk based on secondary metabolites and network pharmacology. Method:Based on the ultraperformance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry（UPLC-MS/MS） detection platform，the secondary metabolites database of <italic>C. chinensis</italic> and its flower stalk（MWDB） was built. The common database of metabolites information and the multivariate statistical analysis were used to study the differences of secondary metabolites between <italic>C. chinensis</italic> and its flower stalk and screen out 18 metabolites of<italic> </italic>the<italic> </italic>flower stalk and 11 metabolites of <italic>C. chinensis</italic> with a high content. BATMAN-TCM database was used to obtain the targets of component action，and their corresponding genes were inquired in the UniProt database. GeneCards was retrieved for antimicrobial genes，and the intersection genes of components and antimicrobials were obtained on Venny platform. Through DAVID gene ontology（GO） enrichment analysis and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes（KEGG） pathway enrichment analysis，the mechanism of its action was predicted，and the results were visualized through histogram and advanced bubble diagram drawn by GraphPad Prism software and OmicShare database. The protein-protein interaction（PPI） network was constructed by STRING， database and the component-target-pathway network was constructed by Cytoscape 3.7.2 software. The antibacterial differences were compared based on the results of network pharmacology analysis. Result:Through network pharmacology，the antibacterial active components of <italic>C. chinensis</italic> were 5 fewer than that of the flower stalk，55 more antibacterial targets than that of the flower stalk； quercetin and berberine were predicted to be the common components of the antagonistic action of <italic>C. chinensis </italic>and the flower stalk. Key genes involved in antimicrobial action were p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase 14（MAPK14），catalase（CAT）； malaria and Toll-like receptor signaling pathway were different key pathways involved in antimicrobial activity. Conclusion:<italic>C. chinensis </italic>and the flower stalk mainly exert the antibacterial effect in a multi-target and multi-pathway manner，which can offer new ideas and clues for the study of antibacterial mechanism of<italic> C. chinensis</italic> and the flower stalk，and provide a new development direction for the comprehensive development and rational application of the flower stalk resources.

Effect of bandage contact lens on the corneal epithelium healing, degree of pain and corneal surface after recurrent pterygium excision / 国际眼科杂志(Guoji Yanke Zazhi)

· AIM:To assess the effect of bandage contact lens on the corneal epithelium healing condition,degree of pain and corneal surface after recurrent pterygium excision.· METHODS:Retrospective case-series study.A total of 64 patients (64 eyes) with recurrent pterygium who received treatment in the First Affiliated Hospital of Huzhou University from September 2015 to September 2017 were divided into Group A (34 cases with bandage contact lens group) and Group B (30 cases without bandage contact lens group).The healing status of corneal epithelium was evaluated by fluorescent staining between the two groups at 1d and 1wk after surgery.The degree of pain was assessed between the two groups at 2h,1d and 1wk after recurrent pterygium excision by visual analogue score.Computerized corneal topography was performed on all cases with recurrent pterygium before and 1 mo after successful excision surgery.Statistical analysis of surface regularity index (SRI),surface asymmetry index (SAI) and corneal astigmatism (CA),was done before and 1mo after surgery.· RESULTS:Average scores of corneal epithelium healing condition at 1d and 1wk were better in Group A than that in Group B (P＜0.01).The mean scores of pain values at 2h,1d and 1wk after surgery in Group A were significantly lower than that in Group B respectively (P＜ 0.01).The indicators reflecting corneal surface at 1mo after surgery,including SRI,SAI,CA,were significantly lower in Group A than that in Group B (P＜0.01),while they were not significantly different before surgery between the two groups (P＞0.05).· CONCLUSION:Bandage contact lenses could significantly promote the healing status of corneal epithelium,release pain response and improve corneal refractive status after recurrent pterygium excision.

Effects of electroacupuncture on behavior, plasma COR and expressions of PKA and PKC in hippocampus of the depression model rat / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To probe into the mechanism of acupuncture for treatment of depression.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Thirty-two healthy SD male rats were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group, an electroacupuncture (EA) group and a Maprotiline group. The depression rat model was made in the latter three groups, and from the second day of the experiment EA was given at Baihui (GV 20), "Yintang" (EX-HN 1), "Zusanli" (ST 36) and "Fenglong" (ST 40) in the EA group, once every other day; the rats in the Maprotiline group were treated with oral administration of Maprotiline hydrochroride, once each day. After treatment of 3 weeks, changes of behaviors, plasma cortisol (COR) level and expressions of protein kinase A (PKA) and protein kinase C (PKC) in hippocampus were observed in the rats.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In the depression model rats, the body weight increased slowly, and horizontal and vertical activities and consumption of sugar liquid significantly decreased; plasma cortisol content significantly increased; expressions of PKA and PKC in the hippocampus significantly reduced. In the rats of EA group, the score of behaviors, the consumption of sugar liquid and the increase of body weight were not significantly different to those in the model group, but the plasma cortisol level significantly decreased and closed to the normal level, and positive expressions of PKA and PKC in the hippocampus could be effectively reversed. In the Maprotiline group, the consumption of sugar liquid significantly increased and plasma cortisol level significantly decreased, and expressions of PKA and PKC in the hippocampus increased as compared with those in the model group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The depression model rat has dysfunction of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPAA) and EA can regulate functions of HPAA. The mechanism is possibly carried out by regulating functions of relative enzymes in the signal transduction pathway in hippocampal cells.</p>

Trichophyton rubrum: Relationship between susceptibilities to antifungal agents and species specificities / 第二军医大学学报

Objective: To study the relationship between susceptibilities of Trichophyton rubrum strains to antifungal agents and their species specificities. Methods: The susceptibilities of Trichophyton rubrum strains to itraconazole, ketoconazole, fluconazole, terbinafine, naftifine, 5-flucytosine and amphotericin B were evaluated using a modified microdilution method. The relationship between susceptibilities and genotypes and phenotypes of Trichophyton rubrum strains with different origins was analyzed by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Results: The Trichophyton rubrum strains showed narrow minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) ranges to terbinafine (0.016-0.032 μg/ml), naftifine (0.032-0.063 μg/ml) and itraconazole (0.25-1 μg/ml), whereas they showed broader MIC ranges to ketoconzole (0.25-2 μg/ml) and fluconazole (1-32 μg/ml). MICs of Trichophyton rubrum strains to terbinafine (M0 = 0.032 μg/ml) and naftifine (M0 = 0.032 μg/ml) were the lowest among 7 antifungal agents. Wilcoxon test (Kruskal-Wallis test) suggested that there was no significant relationship of MICs to terbinafine, naftifine, itraconazole and amphotericin B with the genotypes, phenotypes and origins of the Trichophyton rubrum strains. Conclusion: The antifungal susceptibility of Trichophyton rubrum strains may not be related to their genotypes, phenotypes or from which part of the body they are isolated.

Study on the angiogenic ability of tumor fibroblasts / 中华肝脏病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To explore the role of fibroblasts derived from tumor in the tumor angiogenesis.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two-well co-culture system were used to detect the expression of MMP-9, TGF-beta1, TN and bcl-2 in L929-H22 cells, and their ability of promoting angiogenesis of ECV304 cells and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells respectively, which were established in our laboratory before. Then their adhesion and the effect of their supernatant on H22 cells proliferation were analysed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with L929 cells, the adhesion potential of L929-H22 cells increased (F>or=104.32, P<0.001), with the higher level of expression of MMP-9, bcl-2, TN, and TGF-beta1 in L929-H22 cells in creased (t>or=3.3055, P<0.01). L929-H22 and L929 cells enhanced the invasiveness of human mammary cancer MDA-MB-231 cells through artificial basement membrane (Matrigel) 1.21 and 0.48 times respectively (F=266.3, P<0.001). L929-H22 cells induced morphogenesis of ECV304 cells. L929-H22 stimulated endothelial cells to form more and longer tubes than L929 did (F>or=23.75, P<0.01). 25% CM of L929-H22 cells stimulated the growth of H22 cells (F=266.30, P<0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The results suggested that fibroblasts in tumors secrete more growth factors and angiogenic factors to promote the angiogenesis and invasion of solid tumors.</p>